Hydrogen Demand
Where hydrogen is consumed today — by country, end-use and clean vs. unabated share.
Global hydrogen demand remains anchored in refining, ammonia and methanol — with mobility barely visible in the data. Clean hydrogen accounts for a low single-digit share, exposing the gap between announcements and molecules actually consumed.
End-use dictates equipment: refining pulls high-purity 20-30 bar streams, ammonia demands compression trains to 150+ bar, and industrial heat unlocks tolerance for lower purity. Match your electrolyser + BoP spec to the actual duty cycle of the offtaker.
The demand curve is concentrated in a handful of industrial hubs. New clean-H₂ projects that don't co-locate with existing demand carry offtake risk that no PPA can fully hedge.
Follow the tonnes, not the announcements. Countries with large unabated demand today are the natural first markets for FID-ready clean projects with credible offtake.
| Country | End-use | Plants | Clean (t/y) | Unabated (t/y) | Total (t/y) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | Refining | 2 | — | 57.1k | 57.1k |
| Austria | Industrial heat | 1 | 1.0k | 5.2k | 6.2k |
| Austria | Mobility | — | 7 | — | 7 |
| Austria | Ammonia | 2 | — | 67.0k | 67.0k |
| Austria | Other | — | 168 | 779 | 947 |
| Austria | Other chemicals | 2 | 225 | 1.2k | 1.5k |
| Austria | Power generation | 1 | 225 | — | 225 |
| Belgium | Refining | 3 | — | 186.0k | 186.0k |
End-use × country consumption rows (clean, unabated, total).
Data © original publishers (EHO, IEA). Original analysis, verification, and column engineering © ReneEnergy. The original publishers have not reviewed or endorsed this dataset.